![]() The government in 1999 began modernizing 1983-vintage T-64BMs. Kiev initially struggled to maintain and upgrade its T-64s. In short, Ukraine as an accident of history wound up with the more complex and conceptually advanced tank type, while Russia-by far a bigger and richer country-settled on the less sophisticated but more practical tank. ![]() The latest T-72 variant, the T-90, borrows some of the T-80’s best features including the composite armor, but retains the T-72’s basic automotive systems. Today the Russian army has discarded most of the T-64 variants in favor of T-72 models, which are easier to build and maintain. Russia for its part held onto thousands of T-64s and T-80s, but their numbers steadily declined over the years. When the Soviet Union broke up in 1991, Ukraine inherited hundreds of T-64s … and the factory that built the type. The T-80, an improved T-64 with composite armor and a gas turbine replacing the diesel engine, appeared in the mid-1970s.
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